Agricultural mechanization in regard to water management - Revision history

Avinash Kumar at 14:43, 1 August 2016

2016-08-01T14:43:12Z

Avinash Kumar at 12:09, 21 July 2016

2016-07-21T12:09:02Z

Avinash Kumar at 12:01, 21 July 2016

2016-07-21T12:01:00Z

Avinash Kumar at 11:54, 21 July 2016

2016-07-21T11:54:12Z

Avinash Kumar at 09:04, 27 May 2016

2016-05-27T09:04:21Z

Friederike Kraemer at 09:58, 20 October 2014

2014-10-20T09:58:23Z

Friederike Kraemer at 09:27, 20 October 2014

2014-10-20T09:27:53Z

Jana Herold: Jana Herold moved page Agricultural mechanisation in regard to water management to Agricultural mechanization in regard to water management

2013-03-05T14:20:36Z

Jana Herold moved page Agricultural mechanisation in regard to water management to Agricultural mechanization in regard to water management

Jana Herold at 14:18, 5 March 2013

2013-03-05T14:18:33Z

Jana Herold at 14:17, 5 March 2013

2013-03-05T14:17:53Z

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 [http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Agricultural_Research,_Extension_and_Farmer_Participation GTZ (2005): Guidebook for Extension Training in Agricultural Water Management. Cairo.]
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 According to FAO, “''The term “mechanization” is used to describe tools, implements and machinery applied to improving the productivity of farm labour and of land; it may use either human, animal or motorized power, or a combination of these. In practice, therefore, it involves the provision and use of all forms of power sources and mechanical assistance to agriculture, from simple hand tools, to draught animal power and to mechanical power technologies.”'' Agricultural mechanization focuses on the following aspects:
 *all types of farm power (human, animal and mechanical), including the related social, economic and environmental dimensions;
 *standards for farm tools, machinery and equipment, together with codes of conduct for their safe use (implemented in close collaboration with the plant production and protection division);
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 [http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Agricultural_Research,_Extension_and_Farmer_Participation GTZ (2005): Guidebook for Extension Training in Agricultural Water Management. Cairo.]
 [[Category:Approaches]]

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	[http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Agricultural_Research,_Extension_and_Farmer_Participation GTZ (2005): Guidebook for Extension Training in Agricultural Water Management. Cairo.]		[http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Agricultural_Research,_Extension_and_Farmer_Participation GTZ (2005): Guidebook for Extension Training in Agricultural Water Management. Cairo.]

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 = References =
-[[Agricultural_Engineering|GTZ (1980): Agricultural Engineering – Training and Advisory Centres as a Means of Promoting Agriculture in Developing Countries. Cairo.]]
+[[Agricultural Engineering|GTZ (1980): Agricultural Engineering – Training and Advisory Centres as a Means of Promoting Agriculture in Developing Countries. Cairo.]]
 [http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Irrigation_and_the_environment_-_A_review_of_environmental_issues GTZ (1993): Irrigation and the environment. A review of environment issues. Part I & II: Environmental considerations in planning and operations. Eschborn.]
 [http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Agricultural_Research,_Extension_and_Farmer_Participation GTZ (2005): Guidebook for Extension Training in Agricultural Water Management. Cairo.]

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 = Introduction =
-The term "agricultural mechanization" refers in particular to mechanization of the work involved in agricultural production processes (in other words, farm mechanization). Agricultural mechanization is an extensive concept, covering agricultural engineering, agricultural machinery and its use in operation, the selection of agricultural appliances and also agricultural building. Agricultural mechanization needs to be based on the technical, economic and social criteria of each farm.
+The term "agricultural mechanization" refers in particular to mechanization of the work involved in agricultural production processes (in other words, farm mechanization). It is an extensive concept, covering agricultural engineering, agricultural machinery and its use in operation, the selection of agricultural appliances and also agricultural building. Agricultural mechanization needs to be based on the technical, economic and social criteria of each farm.
-−
-<br/>
 According to FAO, “''The term “mechanization” is used to describe tools, implements and machinery applied to improving the productivity of farm labour and of land; it may use either human, animal or motorized power, or a combination of these. In practice, therefore, it involves the provision and use of all forms of power sources and mechanical assistance to agriculture, from simple hand tools, to draught animal power and to mechanical power technologies.”''
 Agricultural mechanization focuses on the following aspects:
 *all types of farm power (human, animal and mechanical), including the related social, economic and environmental dimensions;
 *standards for farm tools, machinery and equipment, together with codes of conduct for their safe use (implemented in close collaboration with the plant production and protection division);
 *technical, policy and strategy issues concerning mechanization; and
 *alternative crop establishment technologies, such as conservation agriculture.
 Mechanization systems are categorized into human, animal and mechanical technologies. Based on the source of power, the technological levels of mechanization have been broadly classified as hand-tool technology, draught animal technology and mechanical power technology.
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 There are, however, more fundamental reasons for the failure of mechanization strategies which are often adopted by governments and international agencies, i.e. when the strategies do not pay sufficient attention to the interests of the farmer and to the processes of technical change. Such failures and strategic errors can be found both in heavy mechanization approaches (tractorization) and in those recommended by the proponents of light equipment (animal-drawn, multi-purpose toolbars). Why should farmers maintain a piece of equipment at a cost which can never be recovered from increases production? Have they been consulted about the changes which the machine will cause in the production systems? These results in adoption of strategies which are ill thought out and, in the long term, will undermine all the costly effort made by projects and governments to train users and install maintenance systems.
-Seen from this viewpoint, the maintenance problem is a result of inappropriate choices of equipment. Once the farmer decides that the new equipment has potential benefits, the maintenance problem is well on its way to being solved. Lack of maintenance is therefore an effect, not a cause, of the failure of mechanization strategies. When a piece of equipment meets the needs of the user, they will find a way to deal with its maintenance and servicing requirements.
+Seen from this point of view, the maintenance problem is a result of inappropriate choices of equipment. Once the farmer decides that the new equipment has potential benefits, the maintenance problem is well on its way to being solved. Lack of maintenance is therefore an effect, not a cause, of the failure of mechanization strategies. When a piece of equipment meets the needs of the user, they will find a way to deal with its maintenance and servicing requirements.
 = Conclusion =