Fate of pesticides in paddy rice systems - Revision history

Stefanie Ettling: /* Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam */

2014-10-16T09:41:50Z

‎Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam

Stefanie Ettling: /* Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam */

2014-10-16T09:36:29Z

‎Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam

Stefanie Ettling: /* Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam */

2014-10-16T09:35:29Z

‎Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam

Stefanie Ettling: /* Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam */

2014-10-16T09:32:55Z

‎Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam

Neumann IFW at 13:10, 2 July 2013

2013-07-02T13:10:24Z

Neumann IFW at 12:51, 2 July 2013

2013-07-02T12:51:40Z

Neumann IFW at 12:48, 2 July 2013

2013-07-02T12:48:03Z

Neumann IFW at 12:47, 2 July 2013

2013-07-02T12:47:26Z

Neumann IFW at 12:45, 2 July 2013

2013-07-02T12:45:51Z

Neumann IFW at 12:41, 2 July 2013

2013-07-02T12:41:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:41, 16 October 2014
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	All described findings are in the papers referenced here<sup>.</sup><sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> <sup>[12]</sup> <sup>[13]</sup> <sup>[14] [15]</sup>.		All described findings are in the papers referenced here<sup>.</sup><sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> <sup>[12]</sup> <sup>[13]</sup> <sup>[14] [15]</sup>.
		+

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 All described findings are in the papers referenced here<sup>.</sup><sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> <sup>[12]</sup> <sup>[13]</sup> <sup>[14] [15]</sup>.
@@ Line 112: / Line 113: @@
 See also: [[Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam|Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam]]
-All findings are described in the following referenced papers <sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> [[Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam|[12]]]<sup>[13]</sup>.
+All findings are described in the following referenced papers <sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup>[12]<sup>[13]</sup>.

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 All described findings are in the papers referenced here<sup>.</sup><sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> <sup>[12]</sup> <sup>[13]</sup> <sup>[14] [15]</sup>.
@@ Line 109: / Line 110: @@
 The environmental problems caused by pesticides to the mountainous regions of Vietnam have to be taken seriously into consideration, especially as surface and groundwater are both reused for domestic purposes.<br/>
-All findings are described in the following referenced papers <sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> [[Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam|<sup>[12]]] [13]</sup>.
+See also: [[Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam|Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam]]

@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 All described findings are in the papers referenced here<sup>.</sup><sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> <sup>[12]</sup> <sup>[13]</sup> <sup>[14] [15]</sup>.
 = '''Case study I: Fate of pesticides in paddy rice - fishpond farming systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam''' =
@@ Line 108: / Line 109: @@
 The environmental problems caused by pesticides to the mountainous regions of Vietnam have to be taken seriously into consideration, especially as surface and groundwater are both reused for domestic purposes.<br/>
-All findings are described in the following referenced papers <sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> <sup>[12] [13]</sup>.
+All findings are described in the following referenced papers <sup>[4] [10]</sup> <sup>[11]</sup> [[Fate of pesticides in paddy rice farming systems in NWVietnam|<sup>[12]]] [13]</sup>.
 = '''Case study II: Fate of pesticides in mountainous regions of northern Thailand''' =

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 The biodegradability of an agrochemical is characterised by “half-life time”, which is the time needed for 50% of the pesticide mass to degrade. The absorption strength in these studies is measured by the distribution coefficient K<sub>d</sub> which is the ratio of the sorbed phase concentration to the dissolved concentration of a pesticide in equilibrium. That means the higher the K<sub>d</sub> the stronger the pesticide is sorbed and the less mobile it is in the soil matrix. The transport velocity of the pesticide in the soil is slower than the flow velocity of the water, due to the virtue of sorption.
-<br/>'''Table 1''' Physico-chemical properties of seven pesticides investigated by the Uplands Programme
+<br/>'''Table 1''' Physico-chemical properties of seven pesticides investigated by the Uplands Programme<sup>1)</sup>
 ----
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 ----
-<sup>a</sup> Footprint PPDB <sup>[7]</sup>, <font size="2">b</font> PAN database<sup><font size="2">[8]</font></sup><font size="2">, <sup><font size="2">c</font></sup> Howard <sup><font size="2">[9]</font></sup></font>
+<sup>1) </sup>Uplands Programme of the University of Hohenheim, <sup>a</sup> Footprint PPDB <sup>[7]</sup>, <font size="2">b</font> PAN database<sup><font size="2">[8]</font></sup><font size="2">, <sup><font size="2">c</font></sup> Howard <sup><font size="2">[9]</font></sup></font>
-−
 In addition, the amount of pesticides on the market with different formulation has dramatically increased. As a result analytical methods for detecting and quantifying also have to be adapted to the current active compounds in the agrochemicals.

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:48, 2 July 2013
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−	'''The ''''''Fate of Pesticides in paddy rice systems''''''''':''' Two case studies~~'''~~	+	'''The ''''''Fate of Pesticides in paddy rice systems''''''''':''' Two case studies

	In the last decades, high population growth combined with an increasing rice demand have led to an intensification of rice production. Paddy rice is the dominant production system of rice worldwide, where fields are temporarily flooded. Paddy field farming is practiced in Cambodia, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos as well as in the USA and Europe (in Piedmont in Italy and in the Camargue in France<sup>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup>). Increasing levels of rice yield are achieved by the introduction of high-yielding, short-duration varieties in association with a wider use of agrochemicals, particularly pesticides which are applied to prevent, mitigate or destroy pests <sup>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides#cite_note-1 [2]]</sup>. The amount of agrochemicals used has increased dramatically and their toxic nature has raised concern about environmental impact and effects on human health. Numerous monitoring studies have showed that agriculture is responsible for pollution in surface and groundwater as well as in rivers and lakes. As paddy rice fields are part of larger aquatic systems, the spread of pesticides through water-bodies constitutes a particular problem. It is therefore a crucial task to quantify and predict pesticide losses into water-bodies and their environmental impact. This in turn may help in adapting pesticide and water management practices.		In the last decades, high population growth combined with an increasing rice demand have led to an intensification of rice production. Paddy rice is the dominant production system of rice worldwide, where fields are temporarily flooded. Paddy field farming is practiced in Cambodia, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos as well as in the USA and Europe (in Piedmont in Italy and in the Camargue in France<sup>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup>). Increasing levels of rice yield are achieved by the introduction of high-yielding, short-duration varieties in association with a wider use of agrochemicals, particularly pesticides which are applied to prevent, mitigate or destroy pests <sup>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides#cite_note-1 [2]]</sup>. The amount of agrochemicals used has increased dramatically and their toxic nature has raised concern about environmental impact and effects on human health. Numerous monitoring studies have showed that agriculture is responsible for pollution in surface and groundwater as well as in rivers and lakes. As paddy rice fields are part of larger aquatic systems, the spread of pesticides through water-bodies constitutes a particular problem. It is therefore a crucial task to quantify and predict pesticide losses into water-bodies and their environmental impact. This in turn may help in adapting pesticide and water management practices.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''The '''Fate of Pesticides in paddy rice systems''': Two case studies'''
+'''The ''''''Fate of Pesticides in paddy rice systems''''''''':''' Two case studies'''
 In the last decades, high population growth combined with an increasing rice demand have led to an intensification of rice production. Paddy rice is the dominant production system of rice worldwide, where fields are temporarily flooded. Paddy field farming is practiced in Cambodia, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos as well as in the USA and Europe (in Piedmont in Italy and in the Camargue in France<sup>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides#cite_note-1 [1]]</sup>). Increasing levels of rice yield are achieved by the introduction of high-yielding, short-duration varieties in association with a wider use of agrochemicals, particularly pesticides which are applied to prevent, mitigate or destroy pests <sup>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticides#cite_note-1 [2]]</sup>. The amount of agrochemicals used has increased dramatically and their toxic nature has raised concern about environmental impact and effects on human health. Numerous monitoring studies have showed that agriculture is responsible for pollution in surface and groundwater as well as in rivers and lakes. As paddy rice fields are part of larger aquatic systems, the spread of pesticides through water-bodies constitutes a particular problem. It is therefore a crucial task to quantify and predict pesticide losses into water-bodies and their environmental impact. This in turn may help in adapting pesticide and water management practices.
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 | '''Pesticide'''
 | '''Chemical class'''
-| '''<sup></sup>L kg<sup>-1</sup>'''
+| '''L kg<sup>-1</sup>'''
 | '''Days'''
 |-

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 | '''Pesticide'''
 | '''Chemical class'''
-| <sup></sup>L kg<sup>-1</sup>
+| '''<sup></sup>L kg<sup>-1</sup>'''
-| Days
+| '''Days'''
 |-
 | Dichlorvos
+| Orgnophosphate
+| 1.7
+| 7<sup>b</sup>
 |-
 | Methomyl
+| Carbamate
+| 1.9
+| 6<sup>c</sup>
 |-
 | Atrazine
+| Triazine
+| 2.0
+| 30<sup>b</sup>
 |-
 | Dimethoate
+| Orgnophosphate
+| 1.5
+| 8<sup>c</sup>
 |-
 | Chlorothalonil
+| Chloronitrile
+| 2.9
+| 49<sup>b</sup>
 |-
 | Clorpyrifos
+| Orgnophosphate
+| 3.9
+| 35-78<sup>c</sup>
 |-
 | Endosulfan
 | Chlorinated hydrocarbon
+| 4.1
+| 28<sup>c</sup>
 |-
 | ypermethrin
 | Pyrethroid
+| 4.9
+| > 50<sup>a</sup>
 |-
+|