Poverty oriented irrigation - Revision history

Irena Irmler at 13:14, 20 February 2014

2014-02-20T13:14:42Z

Irena Irmler at 20:07, 19 February 2014

2014-02-19T20:07:19Z

Irena Irmler at 20:06, 19 February 2014

2014-02-19T20:06:15Z

Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T10:40:54Z

‎Additional Information

Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T10:40:18Z

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Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T08:34:15Z

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Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T08:31:38Z

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Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T08:31:07Z

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Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T08:27:36Z

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Nikhil Kotecha: /* Additional Information */

2013-03-26T08:26:58Z

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 #The management of irrigated fields requires special knowledge and a high degree of organization, because water users must coordinate the water withdrawals and management of operations. Hence, by engaging in irrigation, such institutions must be established, and their capacity needs developed or trained (see [[Watershed management|watershed management]]).
-In addition to these financial and organizational prerequisites, it must be taken into consideration that irrigation is much more labor intensive than rain-fed agriculture, as the water management itself needs labor and a higher demand for weeding, as well as for fertilizer and crop protection measures. Irrigation is an additional work burden (mostly on women), and this additional labor capacity must be available. The higher demand for inputs, such as fertilizer and pesticides, in irrigated agriculture has two main reasons:
+In addition to these financial and organizational prerequisites, it must be taken into consideration that irrigation is much more labor intensive than rain-fed agriculture, as the water management itself needs labor and a higher demand for weeding, as well as for fertilizer and crop protection measures. Irrigation is an additional work burden (mostly on [[Water_Governance_and_Women|women]]), and this additional labor capacity must be available. The higher demand for inputs, such as fertilizer and pesticides, in irrigated agriculture has two main reasons:
 #The increased and stabilized water endowment of irrigated fields leads to higher weed and insect infestations.
 #The crops cultivated under irrigation, especially vegetables, are usually more sensitive to diseases, insects and weeds and thus need a higher level of crop management than typical crops under rain-fed agriculture.
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 [http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf]
 [[Category:Economics]]

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-= Background - or why irrigation is a difficult task for small-scale farmers =
+There is no question that irrigation has a very high potential to alleviate poverty, as hundreds of millions of Asian farmers have already demonstrated. But it is also widely known that successful adoption of irrigation by small-scale farmers in Africa is a rather difficult task. As irrigation is traditionally not widely anchored in Africa, the farmers who intend to irrigate have to first change their production system from rain-fed to irrigated agriculture (see [[Portal:Technologies|Technologies]]).
-There is no question that irrigation has a very high potential to alleviate poverty, as hundreds of millions of Asian farmers have already demonstrated. But it is also widely known that successful adoption of irrigation by small-scale farmers in Africa is a rather difficult task. As irrigation is traditionally not widely anchored in Africa, the farmers who intend to irrigate have to first change their production system from rain-fed to irrigated agriculture (see [http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Portal:Technologies http://agriwaterpedia.info/wiki/Portal:Technologies]).
+= Background - or why irrigation is a difficult task for small-scale farmers =
 This changeover is usually more challenging than expected. The reasons are:
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 Thus, before supporting small-scale farmers’ irrigation, it is not only crucial to assure that [[Water user associations|water user associations]] are established and a legal framework is set, but also that associations exist whose interest is the maintenance of the entire water resource (e.g. river water associations). In order to compensate for drier periods and to prevent the drying up of the water resource at the downstream site, water withdrawals should be measured and licensed and on-farm water storage capacities should be installed. In addition, specialized water committees are helpful to regulate conflicts among users, and among users and non-users, as outlined by Neubert et al. (2007).
-The more water is withdrawn by water users, the more monitoring of the water levels and tables is needed. Aside quantitative aspects, the quality of the return-flows has to be observed, as well as the pollution of soils, and the possible residues in the produce have to be monitored. It is also crucial to avoid cultivation [[Riverbed_farming|close to the river shore]], since this increases erosion, sedimentation and consequently increases the risks for flooding. Therefore, alongside a suitable and enforced legal framework, an intensive capacity development of farmers who wish to engage in irrigation is needed.
+The more water is withdrawn by water users, the more monitoring of the water levels and tables is needed. Aside quantitative aspects, the quality of the return-flows has to be observed, as well as the pollution of soils, and the possible residues in the produce have to be monitored. It is also crucial to avoid cultivation [[Riverbed farming|close to the river shore]], since this increases erosion, sedimentation and consequently increases the risks for flooding. Therefore, alongside a suitable and enforced legal framework, an intensive capacity development of farmers who wish to engage in irrigation is needed.
 = Principle approaches for pro-poor irrigation =
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 [http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf]
 [[Category:Excellent]]

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 Thus, before supporting small-scale farmers’ irrigation, it is not only crucial to assure that [[Water user associations|water user associations]] are established and a legal framework is set, but also that associations exist whose interest is the maintenance of the entire water resource (e.g. river water associations). In order to compensate for drier periods and to prevent the drying up of the water resource at the downstream site, water withdrawals should be measured and licensed and on-farm water storage capacities should be installed. In addition, specialized water committees are helpful to regulate conflicts among users, and among users and non-users, as outlined by Neubert et al. (2007).
-The more water is withdrawn by water users, the more monitoring of the water levels and tables is needed. Aside quantitative aspects, the quality of the return-flows has to be observed, as well as the pollution of soils, and the possible residues in the produce have to be monitored. It is also crucial to avoid cultivation close to the river shore, since this increases erosion, sedimentation and consequently increases the risks for flooding. Therefore, alongside a suitable and enforced legal framework, an intensive capacity development of farmers who wish to engage in irrigation is needed.
+The more water is withdrawn by water users, the more monitoring of the water levels and tables is needed. Aside quantitative aspects, the quality of the return-flows has to be observed, as well as the pollution of soils, and the possible residues in the produce have to be monitored. It is also crucial to avoid cultivation [[Riverbed_farming|close to the river shore]], since this increases erosion, sedimentation and consequently increases the risks for flooding. Therefore, alongside a suitable and enforced legal framework, an intensive capacity development of farmers who wish to engage in irrigation is needed.
 = Principle approaches for pro-poor irrigation =
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 <references />
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 = Additional Information =
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 [http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf]

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 <references />
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 [http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/ http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/]
-[http://www.worldbank.org/projects/ http://www.worldbank.org/projects]
+[http://www.worldbank.org/projects http://www.worldbank.org/projects]
 [http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/gtz2008-en-kenia-water-sector-interim-evaluation.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/ gtz2008-en-kenia-water-sector-interim-evaluation.pdf]
 [http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf]

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 <references />
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 [http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/gtz2008-en-kenia-water-sector-interim-evaluation.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/ gtz2008-en-kenia-water-sector-interim-evaluation.pdf]
-[http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/ http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf]
+[http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf http://www.giz.de/de/downloads/giz2012-en-water-agriculture.pdf]

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