Quantity of Water - Revision history

Avinash Kumar at 09:12, 27 May 2016

2016-05-27T09:12:02Z

Stefanie Ettling at 06:55, 15 October 2014

2014-10-15T06:55:43Z

Stefanie Ettling: /* Effects of Climate Change on the Quantity of Water */

2014-10-15T06:52:58Z

‎Effects of Climate Change on the Quantity of Water

Stefanie Ettling at 13:48, 14 October 2014

2014-10-14T13:48:58Z

Stefanie Ettling: Stefanie Ettling moved page Quantity of water to Quantity of Water

2014-10-14T13:25:28Z

Stefanie Ettling moved page Quantity of water to Quantity of Water

Friederike Kraemer: Friederike Kraemer moved page Quantity to Quantity of water

2014-06-23T08:43:14Z

Friederike Kraemer moved page Quantity to Quantity of water

Irena Irmler at 15:54, 3 June 2013

2013-06-03T15:54:21Z

Irena Irmler at 13:04, 3 June 2013

2013-06-03T13:04:11Z

Irena Irmler at 10:17, 3 June 2013

2013-06-03T10:17:49Z

Irena Irmler at 10:14, 3 June 2013

2013-06-03T10:14:41Z

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 There are five prima<span style="font-size: 15px">ry categories: </span><span style="font-size: 15px"><ref name="water climate change">Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources (Oxford University Press, New York).</ref></span>
 *<span style="font-size: 15px">oceans</span><span style="font-size: 15px"></span> (96.5 %)<br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px">liquid freshwater</span> (frozen freshwater in glacier and permafrost, 2 %)<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">oceans</span><span style="font-size: 15px"></span> (96.5&nbsp;%)<br/>
 *<span style="font-size: 15px">non-seasonal frozen water (depends on season)</span><br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px">groundwater</span> (1.6 %) and<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">groundwater</span> (1.6&nbsp;%) and<br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px">water vapor, lakes and rivers</span> (< 1 %).<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">water vapor, lakes and rivers</span> (< 1&nbsp;%).<br/>
 The amount of water, neither absolute nor relative, is not constant. Scientists believe that hydrogen is lost into space, leaving less H for H<sub>2</sub>O on earth. Water of course also moves between the different categories. Generally, the earth has become drier over the last 10.000 years.<ref>Pielou, E. C. (2008). After the Ice Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref>
@@ Line 33: / Line 34: @@
 == Melting Ice ==
-Climate change substantially contributed to the melting of mountain glaciers as well as the ice at the poles. The availability of water in regions that are traditionally supplied by glacier water is lowered, affecting the lives of about 15 % of the world population. Also, seasonal differences in water supply are affected: The ratio of winter to annual water flow is lower, too. <ref name="ipcc 2008">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008): Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water. Finalized at the 37th Session of the IPCC Bureau. http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session28/doc13.pdf [accessed 31 May 2013]</ref><br/>
+Climate change substantially contributed to the melting of mountain glaciers as well as the ice at the poles. The availability of water in regions that are traditionally supplied by glacier water is lowered, affecting the lives of about 15&nbsp;% of the world population. Also, seasonal differences in water supply are affected: The ratio of winter to annual water flow is lower, too. <ref name="ipcc 2008">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008): Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water. Finalized at the 37th Session of the IPCC Bureau. http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session28/doc13.pdf [accessed 31 May 2013]</ref><br/>
 <br/>
@@ Line 50: / Line 51: @@
 [[Category:Climate_Change]]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 = Background<br/> =
-There are five prima<span style="font-size: 15px;">ry categories: </span><span style="font-size: 15px;"><ref name="water climate change">Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources (Oxford University Press, New York).</ref></span>
+There are five prima<span style="font-size: 15px">ry categories: </span><span style="font-size: 15px"><ref name="water climate change">Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources (Oxford University Press, New York).</ref></span>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px;">oceans</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span> (96.5 %)<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">oceans</span><span style="font-size: 15px"></span> (96.5 %)<br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px;">liquid freshwater</span> (frozen freshwater in glacier and permafrost, 2 %)<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">liquid freshwater</span> (frozen freshwater in glacier and permafrost, 2 %)<br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px;">non-seasonal frozen water (depends on season)</span><br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">non-seasonal frozen water (depends on season)</span><br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px;">groundwater</span> (1.6 %) and<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">groundwater</span> (1.6 %) and<br/>
-*<span style="font-size: 15px;">water vapor, lakes and rivers</span> (< 1 %).<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px">water vapor, lakes and rivers</span> (< 1 %).<br/>
 The amount of water, neither absolute nor relative, is not constant. Scientists believe that hydrogen is lost into space, leaving less H for H<sub>2</sub>O on earth. Water of course also moves between the different categories. Generally, the earth has become drier over the last 10.000 years.<ref>Pielou, E. C. (2008). After the Ice Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref>
 = Effects of Climate Change on the Quantity of Water<br/> =
-[[Climate Change and Agriculture|Climate change]] however adds a number of new aspects to the quantity and availability of water. There has been scientific discourse about an intensification of the [[ The influence of Climate Change on the water cycle |water cycle]], but empirical evidence does not consistently support the idea.<ref>Huntington, T. G. (2005). Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle:Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology 319 (2006) 83–95. http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~mdmccar/ocea213/readings/discuss_1_Oki_Huntington/Huntington_2006_JHydrol_Evidence_intensification_Hydrologic_cycle.pdf [03 June 2013]</ref>
+[[Climate Change and Agriculture|Climate change]] however adds a number of new aspects to the quantity and availability of water. There has been scientific discourse about an intensification of the [[The influence of Climate Change on the water cycle|water cycle]], but empirical evidence does not consistently support the idea.<ref>Huntington, T. G. (2005). Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle:Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology 319 (2006) 83–95. http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~mdmccar/ocea213/readings/discuss_1_Oki_Huntington/Huntington_2006_JHydrol_Evidence_intensification_Hydrologic_cycle.pdf [03 June 2013]</ref>
 == Precipitation<br/> ==
@@ Line 34: / Line 35: @@
 Climate change substantially contributed to the melting of mountain glaciers as well as the ice at the poles. The availability of water in regions that are traditionally supplied by glacier water is lowered, affecting the lives of about 15 % of the world population. Also, seasonal differences in water supply are affected: The ratio of winter to annual water flow is lower, too. <ref name="ipcc 2008">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008): Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water. Finalized at the 37th Session of the IPCC Bureau. http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session28/doc13.pdf [accessed 31 May 2013]</ref><br/>
 = Further Remarks =
@@ Line 46: / Line 48: @@
 <references /><br/>

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 The amount of water, neither absolute nor relative, is not constant. Scientists believe that hydrogen is lost into space, leaving less H for H<sub>2</sub>O on earth. Water of course also moves between the different categories. Generally, the earth has become drier over the last 10.000 years.<ref>Pielou, E. C. (2008). After the Ice Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref>
 = Effects of Climate Change on the Quantity of Water<br/> =
-[[Climate Change and Agriculture|Climate change]] however adds a number of new aspects to the quantity and availability of water. There has been scientific discourse about an intensification of the [[Influence on the water cycle|water cycle]], but empirical evidence does not consistently support the idea.<ref>Huntington, T. G. (2005). Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle:Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology 319 (2006) 83–95. http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~mdmccar/ocea213/readings/discuss_1_Oki_Huntington/Huntington_2006_JHydrol_Evidence_intensification_Hydrologic_cycle.pdf [03 June 2013]</ref>
+[[Climate Change and Agriculture|Climate change]] however adds a number of new aspects to the quantity and availability of water. There has been scientific discourse about an intensification of the [[ The influence of Climate Change on the water cycle |water cycle]], but empirical evidence does not consistently support the idea.<ref>Huntington, T. G. (2005). Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle:Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology 319 (2006) 83–95. http://www.ic.ucsc.edu/~mdmccar/ocea213/readings/discuss_1_Oki_Huntington/Huntington_2006_JHydrol_Evidence_intensification_Hydrologic_cycle.pdf [03 June 2013]</ref>
 == Precipitation<br/> ==
@@ Line 32: / Line 33: @@
 Climate change substantially contributed to the melting of mountain glaciers as well as the ice at the poles. The availability of water in regions that are traditionally supplied by glacier water is lowered, affecting the lives of about 15 % of the world population. Also, seasonal differences in water supply are affected: The ratio of winter to annual water flow is lower, too. <ref name="ipcc 2008">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008): Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water. Finalized at the 37th Session of the IPCC Bureau. http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session28/doc13.pdf [accessed 31 May 2013]</ref><br/>
 = Further Remarks =

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 = Background<br/> =
-There are five prima<span style="font-size:15px">ry categories: </span><span style="font-size:15px"><ref name="water climate change">Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources (Oxford University Press, New York).</ref></span>
+There are five prima<span style="font-size: 15px;">ry categories: </span><span style="font-size: 15px;"><ref name="water climate change">Peter H. Gleick (editor), 1993, Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources (Oxford University Press, New York).</ref></span>
-*<span style="font-size:15px">oceans</span><span style="font-size:15px"></span> (96.5 %)<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px;">oceans</span><span style="font-size: 15px;"></span> (96.5 %)<br/>
-*<span style="font-size:15px">liquid freshwater</span> (frozen freshwater in glacier and permafrost, 2 %)<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px;">liquid freshwater</span> (frozen freshwater in glacier and permafrost, 2 %)<br/>
-*<span style="font-size:15px">non-seasonal frozen water (depends on season)</span><br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px;">non-seasonal frozen water (depends on season)</span><br/>
-*<span style="font-size:15px">groundwater</span> (1.6 %) and<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px;">groundwater</span> (1.6 %) and<br/>
-*<span style="font-size:15px">water vapor, lakes and rivers</span> (< 1 %).<br/>
+*<span style="font-size: 15px;">water vapor, lakes and rivers</span> (< 1 %).<br/>
 The amount of water, neither absolute nor relative, is not constant. Scientists believe that hydrogen is lost into space, leaving less H for H<sub>2</sub>O on earth. Water of course also moves between the different categories. Generally, the earth has become drier over the last 10.000 years.<ref>Pielou, E. C. (2008). After the Ice Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.</ref>
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 == Atmosphere ==
-It is by now common knowledge that increased anthropogenic[[Gas emissions|emissions of green house gases]] result in rising [[Temperature|temperatures]]. Warmer air in the atmosphere can hold more evaporated water, thus reducing the amount of liquid water available in water bodies or as [[Soil and soil water|soil moisture]].<br/>
+It is by now common knowledge that increased anthropogenic [[Gas emissions|emissions of green house gases]] result in rising [[Temperature|temperatures]]. Warmer air in the atmosphere can hold more evaporated water, thus reducing the amount of liquid water available in water bodies or as [[Soil and soil water|soil moisture]].<br/>
 == Soils ==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Climate change is already and will continue to affect the availability of water.
+Climate change is already and will continue to affect the availability of water. The amount of water available for agriculture is crucial to feed a growing world population. Agriculture competes for water with industrial companies that are growing in size and number in developing countries in particular.
 = Background<br/> =
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 == Precipitation<br/> ==
-Climate change results in a change of precipitation patterns that differ substantially from region to region. It is likely that rainfall increases in high latitudes and the tropics. This is, among others, related to an increase in the average river runoff. Subtropic and low-latitude regions (esp. the Mediterranean basin, western USA, southern Africa and north-eastern Brazil) will probably experience less precipitation. Heavy storms have been happening more frequently.<ref name="ipcc 2008">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008): Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water. Finalized at the 37th Session of the IPCC Bureau. http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session28/doc13.pdf [accessed 31 May 2013]</ref> It has been widely noticed that dry regions tend to dry out, while wet regions become even wetter.<ref name="water climate change">s</ref><br/>
+Climate change results in a change of precipitation patterns that differ substantially from region to region. It is likely that rainfall increases in high latitudes and the tropics. This is, among others, related to an increase in the average river runoff. Subtropic and low-latitude regions (esp. the Mediterranean basin, western USA, southern Africa and north-eastern Brazil) will probably experience less precipitation. It is also likely that seasonal rainfalls change in timing and intensity.<ref>OECD (2013). Water Resources in Agriculture: Outlook and Policy Issues. Available online under http://www.oecd.org/agriculture/48498988.pdf [03. June 2013]</ref> Heavy storms have been happening more frequently.<ref name="ipcc 2008">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2008): Technical Paper on Climate Change and Water. Finalized at the 37th Session of the IPCC Bureau. http://www.ipcc.ch/meetings/session28/doc13.pdf [accessed 31 May 2013]</ref> It has been widely noticed that dry regions tend to dry out while wet regions become even wetter.<ref name="water climate change">s</ref><br/>
 == Atmosphere ==