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| | {{Publication | | {{Publication |
| | |Pub Title=Achieving Food and Nutrition Security | | |Pub Title=Achieving Food and Nutrition Security |
| − | |Pub Subtitle=ions to Meet the Global Challenge. A Training Course Reader | + | |Pub Subtitle=Actions to Meet the Global Challenge. A Training Course Reader |
| | |Pub Author=Bokeloh, G., Gerster-Bentaya, M., Weingärtner, L. | | |Pub Author=Bokeloh, G., Gerster-Bentaya, M., Weingärtner, L. |
| | |Pub Editor=Inwent | | |Pub Editor=Inwent |
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| | |Pub Type=publication | | |Pub Type=publication |
| | |Pub Language=English | | |Pub Language=English |
| | + | |Pub TOC=I The Concept of Food and Nutrition Security 21 |
| | + | 1 Background 23 |
| | + | 2 The evolution of Food and Nutrition Security concerns 23 |
| | + | 3 A holistic understanding of Food and Nutrition Security 24 |
| | + | 4 Aspects of Food and Nutrition Security 25 |
| | + | 5 Rational for investing in Food and Nutrition Security 35 |
| | + | 6 Cross cutting issues in Food and Nutrition Security 38 |
| | + | 7 Outlook 48 |
| | + | II The Food and Nutrition Security Situation in 2009 53 |
| | + | 1 Introduction 56 |
| | + | 1.1 Definitions and terms 56 |
| | + | 1.2 Nutrition throughout the lifecycle 56 |
| | + | 1.3 The double burden of malnutrition 57 |
| | + | 2 Assessing the Food and Nutrition Security situation 57 |
| | + | 2.1 How to calculate food insecurity 57 |
| | + | 2.2 Most common indicators of nutritional status 57 |
| | + | 3 Current state of food insecurity 58 |
| | + | 3.1 Low income food deficit countries (LIFDCs) 59 |
| | + | 3.2 Global prevalence of undernourishment, trends and geographical distribution 59 |
| | + | 3.3 Vulnerable groups 61 |
| | + | 4 Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) 63 |
| | + | 4.1 Global prevalence, geographical distribution and trends of protein-energy |
| | + | malnutrition among preschool children 63 |
| | + | 4.2 Maternal malnutrition 64 |
| | + | 5 Vitamin & mineral deficiencies 65 |
| | + | 5.1 Iron deficiency anemia 65 |
| | + | 5.2 Iodine deficiency 65 |
| | + | 5.3 Vitamin A deficiency 66 |
| | + | 5.4 Other micro nutrient deficiencies 66 |
| | + | Instruments for the Assessment and Analysis of the Food and Nutrition |
| | + | Security Situation at Macro Level 69 |
| | + | 1 Introduction 72 |
| | + | 1.1 Model to analyse the structure of aggregate food deficits 72 |
| | + | 1.2 Typical food deficit scenarios and its implication for Food and Nutrition Security 73 |
| | + | 2 Indicators to assess and analyse the Food and Nutrition Security situation at |
| | + | macro level 75 |
| | + | 2.1 Global food indicators on food security 75 |
| | + | 2.2 Indicators for Food and Nutrition Security at national and regional level 77 |
| | + | 2.3 Indicators for Food Security Information Systems 82 |
| | + | 3 Methods to assess and analyse the Food and Nutrition Security situation at |
| | + | macro level 82 |
| | + | 3.1 Population census 82 |
| | + | 3.2 Sector analysis 83 |
| | + | 3.3 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 83 |
| | + | 3.4 Poverty assessment 85 |
| | + | 3.5 National Household Food Consumption 85 |
| | + | 3.6 Household Expenditure Surveys (HES) 86 |
| | + | 3.7 Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey (MCIS) 86 |
| | + | 3.8 Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) 86 |
| | + | 3.9 Supply Utilisation Accounts (SUA) and Food Balance Sheets (FBS) 87 |
| | + | 3.10 Market surveys 88 |
| | + | 3.11 Market Information Systems 89 |
| | + | 3.12 National Food Storage System Analysis 90 |
| | + | 3.13 Food crop assessment: pre /post harvest assessment 90 |
| | + | 3.14 Early warning systems 91 |
| | + | 3.15 Conflict Analysis 96 |
| | + | IV Instruments for the Assessment and Analysis of the Food and Nutrition |
| | + | Security Situation at Micro and Meso Level 111 |
| | + | 1 Introduction 113 |
| | + | 2 Indicators to assess the Food and Nutrition Security situation at micro and |
| | + | meso level 113 |
| | + | 2.1 Indicators for measuring the nutritional status at household level – |
| | + | the manifestation of malnutrition 114 |
| | + | 2.2 Indicators for measuring the immediate causes of malnutrition 117 |
| | + | 2.2.1 Food consumption indicators 117 |
| | + | 2.2.2 Indicators for health status 118 |
| | + | 2.3 Indicators for measuring the underlying causes of malnutrition 119 |
| | + | 3 Instruments and methods to assess the Food and Nutrition Security at micro and |
| | + | meso level 124 |
| | + | 3.1 Anthropometry 125 |
| | + | 3.2 Food consumption surveys – individual dietary surveys 125 |
| | + | 3.3 Laboratory methods 126 |
| | + | 3.4 (Nutrition) Baseline Survey 127 |
| | + | 3.5 Rapid Food and Livelihood Security Assessments (RFLS) 127 |
| | + | 3.6 Food system analysis 128 |
| | + | 3.7 Qualitative assessments of the Food and Nutrition Security situation 128 |
| | + | 3.8 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) 132 |
| | + | 3.9 Assessments in emergency situations 132 |
| | + | Designing a Plan for Assessing and Analysing the Food and Nutrition |
| | + | Security Situation 137 |
| | + | 1 Introduction 139 |
| | + | 2 Finding and using data 139 |
| | + | 3 Planning the assessment and analysis process 140 |
| | + | 3.1 The various steps 140 |
| | + | 3.2 Information gathering 141 |
| | + | 4 Choosing (the right) indicators and methods 142 |
| | + | 4.1 Classification and cut-off points 143 |
| | + | 4.2 Perspective 144 |
| | + | 5 Choosing among indicators 145 |
| | + | 5.1 Selection criteria 145 |
| | + | 6 From data to recommendations 150 |
| | + | |
| | + | VI Actions / Interventions to Improve Food and Nutrition Security at |
| | + | Macro Level 151 |
| | + | 1 Macro and Sector-Policies in Food and Nutrition Security 153 |
| | + | 1.1 Conceptual framework for analysing policy impacts on Food and Nutrition Security 153 |
| | + | 1.2 Effects of selected macro- and sector policies on Food and Nutrition Security 155 |
| | + | 1.2.1 Macroeconomic policies 155 |
| | + | 1.2.2 Agricultural sector policies 157 |
| | + | 1.2.3 Marketing and pricing policies 157 |
| | + | 1.2.4 Trade policies 158 |
| | + | 1.2.5 Infrastructure policies 158 |
| | + | 1.2.6 Poverty alleviation and social sector policies 158 |
| | + | 1.2.7 Health policies 158 |
| | + | 1.2.8 Education policies 159 |
| | + | 1.2.9 Population policies 159 |
| | + | 1.3 Food and Nutrition Security: A cross-cutting policy issue 159 |
| | + | 2 Instruments for the prevention and management of food crises 160 |
| | + | 2.1 Nutrition-oriented agriculture and food diversification 160 |
| | + | 2.2 Early Warning Systems and Market Information systems 161 |
| | + | 2.3 Food Aid 162 |
| | + | 2.4 Food Security Reserves 163 |
| | + | 2.5 Food Security Funds 164 |
| | + | 2.6 Crisis Management Plans 164 |
| | + | 2.7 Sequence of interventions in an event of food crisis 165 |
| | + | VII Actions / Interventions to Improve Food and Nutrition Security at |
| | + | Meso and Micro Level 169 |
| | + | 1 Introduction: Targeted Food and Nutrition Security interventions 171 |
| | + | 2 Actions to improve availability of food 173 |
| | + | 2.1 Nutrition-oriented agriculture and food diversification 174 |
| | + | 2.2 Selected agricultural interventions to improve household food security 175 |
| | + | 2.3 Food production in urban areas 176 |
| | + | 3 Actions to improve access to food 178 |
| | + | 3.1 Employment and income generation 178 |
| | + | 3.2 Food subsidy and transfer systems 179 |
| | + | 4 Actions to improve the use and utilisation of food 181 |
| | + | 4.1 Overview: Interventions to achieve nutrition security 181 |
| | + | 4.2 Direct nutrition interventions 183 |
| | + | 5 Success factors and programmes in Food and Nutrition Security 191 |
| | + | 5.1 Factors of success for nutrition programmes 191 |
| | + | 5.2 Nutrition and the status of women 193 |
| | + | 5.3 Successful programmes 194 |
| | + | 6 Integrated Food and Nutrition Security programmes 202 |
| | + | |
| | + | VIII Developing Appropriate Strategies for Food and Nutrition Security 219 |
| | + | 1 Introduction 221 |
| | + | 2 Project and programme cycle 221 |
| | + | 2.1 The Project Cycle Management 221 |
| | + | 2.2 The Project Cycle Management in Food and Nutrition programmes 224 |
| | + | 2.3 Indicators and impacts 224 |
| | + | 3 Criteria for selection 226 |
| | + | 3.1 The three characteristics of a Food and Nutrition Security programme 226 |
| | + | 3.2 Criteria for selecting interventions of a Food and Nutrition Security programme 227 |
| | + | 4 Linking relief, rehabilitation and development 228 |
| | + | 4.1 Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Developement (LRRD) approach 228 |
| | + | 4.2 Food and Nutrition Security in different stages of insecurity 228 |
| | + | 4.3 Elements of Technical Cooperation in Food and Nutrition Security 229 |
| | + | Index 232 |
| | |Pub Permission=I have read the Terms and Conditions and hereby accept them. | | |Pub Permission=I have read the Terms and Conditions and hereby accept them. |
| − | }} {{Publication File Upload | + | |Pub Category=Food Security |
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| | |Pub File=Inwent (2009) Achieving Food and Nutrition Security.pdf | | |Pub File=Inwent (2009) Achieving Food and Nutrition Security.pdf |
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| | |Pub File=Inwent (2006) Alcançando a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.pdf | | |Pub File=Inwent (2006) Alcançando a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional.pdf |
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| | |Pub File=Inwent (2006) Assurer la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionelle.pdf | | |Pub File=Inwent (2006) Assurer la Sécurité Alimentaire et Nutritionelle.pdf |
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| | |Pub File=Inwent (2008) Achieving Food and Nutrition Security Russian Version.pdf | | |Pub File=Inwent (2008) Achieving Food and Nutrition Security Russian Version.pdf |
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