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| Title
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Achieving Food and Nutrition Security
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| Subtitle
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Actions to Meet the Global Challenge. A Training Course Reader
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| Author
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Bokeloh, G., Gerster-Bentaya, M., Weingärtner, L.
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| Editor or Organisation
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Inwent
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| Year
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2009
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| Keywords
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| Country
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| Type
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publication
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| Language
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English
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| Table of Contents
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I The Concept of Food and Nutrition Security 21
1 Background 23
2 The evolution of Food and Nutrition Security concerns 23
3 A holistic understanding of Food and Nutrition Security 24
4 Aspects of Food and Nutrition Security 25
5 Rational for investing in Food and Nutrition Security 35
6 Cross cutting issues in Food and Nutrition Security 38
7 Outlook 48
II The Food and Nutrition Security Situation in 2009 53
1 Introduction 56
1.1 Definitions and terms 56
1.2 Nutrition throughout the lifecycle 56
1.3 The double burden of malnutrition 57
2 Assessing the Food and Nutrition Security situation 57
2.1 How to calculate food insecurity 57
2.2 Most common indicators of nutritional status 57
3 Current state of food insecurity 58
3.1 Low income food deficit countries (LIFDCs) 59
3.2 Global prevalence of undernourishment, trends and geographical distribution 59
3.3 Vulnerable groups 61
4 Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) 63
4.1 Global prevalence, geographical distribution and trends of protein-energy
malnutrition among preschool children 63
4.2 Maternal malnutrition 64
5 Vitamin & mineral deficiencies 65
5.1 Iron deficiency anemia 65
5.2 Iodine deficiency 65
5.3 Vitamin A deficiency 66
5.4 Other micro nutrient deficiencies 66
Instruments for the Assessment and Analysis of the Food and Nutrition
Security Situation at Macro Level 69
1 Introduction 72
1.1 Model to analyse the structure of aggregate food deficits 72
1.2 Typical food deficit scenarios and its implication for Food and Nutrition Security 73
2 Indicators to assess and analyse the Food and Nutrition Security situation at
macro level 75
2.1 Global food indicators on food security 75
2.2 Indicators for Food and Nutrition Security at national and regional level 77
2.3 Indicators for Food Security Information Systems 82
3 Methods to assess and analyse the Food and Nutrition Security situation at
macro level 82
3.1 Population census 82
3.2 Sector analysis 83
3.3 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 83
3.4 Poverty assessment 85
3.5 National Household Food Consumption 85
3.6 Household Expenditure Surveys (HES) 86
3.7 Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey (MCIS) 86
3.8 Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) 86
3.9 Supply Utilisation Accounts (SUA) and Food Balance Sheets (FBS) 87
3.10 Market surveys 88
3.11 Market Information Systems 89
3.12 National Food Storage System Analysis 90
3.13 Food crop assessment: pre /post harvest assessment 90
3.14 Early warning systems 91
3.15 Conflict Analysis 96
IV Instruments for the Assessment and Analysis of the Food and Nutrition
Security Situation at Micro and Meso Level 111
1 Introduction 113
2 Indicators to assess the Food and Nutrition Security situation at micro and
meso level 113
2.1 Indicators for measuring the nutritional status at household level –
the manifestation of malnutrition 114
2.2 Indicators for measuring the immediate causes of malnutrition 117
2.2.1 Food consumption indicators 117
2.2.2 Indicators for health status 118
2.3 Indicators for measuring the underlying causes of malnutrition 119
3 Instruments and methods to assess the Food and Nutrition Security at micro and
meso level 124
3.1 Anthropometry 125
3.2 Food consumption surveys – individual dietary surveys 125
3.3 Laboratory methods 126
3.4 (Nutrition) Baseline Survey 127
3.5 Rapid Food and Livelihood Security Assessments (RFLS) 127
3.6 Food system analysis 128
3.7 Qualitative assessments of the Food and Nutrition Security situation 128
3.8 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) 132
3.9 Assessments in emergency situations 132
Designing a Plan for Assessing and Analysing the Food and Nutrition
Security Situation 137
1 Introduction 139
2 Finding and using data 139
3 Planning the assessment and analysis process 140
3.1 The various steps 140
3.2 Information gathering 141
4 Choosing (the right) indicators and methods 142
4.1 Classification and cut-off points 143
4.2 Perspective 144
5 Choosing among indicators 145
5.1 Selection criteria 145
6 From data to recommendations 150
VI Actions / Interventions to Improve Food and Nutrition Security at
Macro Level 151
1 Macro and Sector-Policies in Food and Nutrition Security 153
1.1 Conceptual framework for analysing policy impacts on Food and Nutrition Security 153
1.2 Effects of selected macro- and sector policies on Food and Nutrition Security 155
1.2.1 Macroeconomic policies 155
1.2.2 Agricultural sector policies 157
1.2.3 Marketing and pricing policies 157
1.2.4 Trade policies 158
1.2.5 Infrastructure policies 158
1.2.6 Poverty alleviation and social sector policies 158
1.2.7 Health policies 158
1.2.8 Education policies 159
1.2.9 Population policies 159
1.3 Food and Nutrition Security: A cross-cutting policy issue 159
2 Instruments for the prevention and management of food crises 160
2.1 Nutrition-oriented agriculture and food diversification 160
2.2 Early Warning Systems and Market Information systems 161
2.3 Food Aid 162
2.4 Food Security Reserves 163
2.5 Food Security Funds 164
2.6 Crisis Management Plans 164
2.7 Sequence of interventions in an event of food crisis 165
VII Actions / Interventions to Improve Food and Nutrition Security at
Meso and Micro Level 169
1 Introduction: Targeted Food and Nutrition Security interventions 171
2 Actions to improve availability of food 173
2.1 Nutrition-oriented agriculture and food diversification 174
2.2 Selected agricultural interventions to improve household food security 175
2.3 Food production in urban areas 176
3 Actions to improve access to food 178
3.1 Employment and income generation 178
3.2 Food subsidy and transfer systems 179
4 Actions to improve the use and utilisation of food 181
4.1 Overview: Interventions to achieve nutrition security 181
4.2 Direct nutrition interventions 183
5 Success factors and programmes in Food and Nutrition Security 191
5.1 Factors of success for nutrition programmes 191
5.2 Nutrition and the status of women 193
5.3 Successful programmes 194
6 Integrated Food and Nutrition Security programmes 202
VIII Developing Appropriate Strategies for Food and Nutrition Security 219
1 Introduction 221
2 Project and programme cycle 221
2.1 The Project Cycle Management 221
2.2 The Project Cycle Management in Food and Nutrition programmes 224
2.3 Indicators and impacts 224
3 Criteria for selection 226
3.1 The three characteristics of a Food and Nutrition Security programme 226
3.2 Criteria for selecting interventions of a Food and Nutrition Security programme 227
4 Linking relief, rehabilitation and development 228
4.1 Linking Relief, Rehabilitation and Developement (LRRD) approach 228
4.2 Food and Nutrition Security in different stages of insecurity 228
4.3 Elements of Technical Cooperation in Food and Nutrition Security 229
Index 232
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| Abstract
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| Permission
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Yes
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| Category
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Food Security
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| File
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