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| Human nutrient cycle is an endless natural cycle. Ecosystems and their species provide a range of important goods and services for human society. These include water, food, cultural and other values ('''WBR, 2012'''). Human consume foods and defecate to the toilet is the natural process. Poor people in the developing countries usually defecate with flushing toilet. Flushing toilets use a heavy amount of water. For example, the amount of water usage in America is 188 gallons per person per day ('''Joseph 2005).''' In general, a family with a water flush toilet would use at least 100,000 litres of water a year for flushing ([http://practicalaction.org/training-manual-for-eco-toilet-construction 1])''. ''But, waterless composting toilets can reduce household water consumption by 40,000 gallons (151,423 liters) per year [http://www.compostingtoilet.org/ (2).] | | Human nutrient cycle is an endless natural cycle. Ecosystems and their species provide a range of important goods and services for human society. These include water, food, cultural and other values ('''WBR, 2012'''). Human consume foods and defecate to the toilet is the natural process. Poor people in the developing countries usually defecate with flushing toilet. Flushing toilets use a heavy amount of water. For example, the amount of water usage in America is 188 gallons per person per day ('''Joseph 2005).''' In general, a family with a water flush toilet would use at least 100,000 litres of water a year for flushing ([http://practicalaction.org/training-manual-for-eco-toilet-construction 1])''. ''But, waterless composting toilets can reduce household water consumption by 40,000 gallons (151,423 liters) per year [http://www.compostingtoilet.org/ (2).] |
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| + | Many people in poor countries defecate on the ground or bushes without proper management, happened ground water or surface water pollutions as well as a series of problems, water-borne diseases like diarrhea, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid, cholera, and eutrophication. It can reduce the risk of human infection to acceptable levels without contaminating the environment or negatively affecting the life of its inhabitants ('''EPA 1999'''). |
Revision as of 14:28, 29 December 2013
Human beings and the natural world are on a collision route. Human use the natural resources like water, land, air, etc. And human-made water pollution and water - waste is nasty, and disgust from the nature point of view. People consume foods and defecate using flushing toilet with heavy amount of water and it makes groundwater pollution as well as somehow happening dangerous disease to our human society. In the world, 2000 million people don’t have toilet (Deora 2004).The vicious cycles of human environmental processes are crucial to understand. There is some innovative solution in this discourse and is a sustainable way. Waterless (or dry) composting toilets have less water utilization and divert pollutant loads from the sewerage system direct to agriculture (Morgen 2007).
Content
Introduction to the concepts
Agricultural intensification threaten human society
Low cost-efficient solution to water sanitation
Examples of water sanitation in developing countries
Improving water sanitation and socially efficient composting toilet in Inle lake, Myanmar
Low cost, sanitary toilet that make compost for crops in Africa countries, Bangladesh and India context
Reference
Further Readings
Introduction to the concepts
Human nutrient cycle is an endless natural cycle. Ecosystems and their species provide a range of important goods and services for human society. These include water, food, cultural and other values (WBR, 2012). Human consume foods and defecate to the toilet is the natural process. Poor people in the developing countries usually defecate with flushing toilet. Flushing toilets use a heavy amount of water. For example, the amount of water usage in America is 188 gallons per person per day (Joseph 2005). In general, a family with a water flush toilet would use at least 100,000 litres of water a year for flushing (1). But, waterless composting toilets can reduce household water consumption by 40,000 gallons (151,423 liters) per year (2).
Many people in poor countries defecate on the ground or bushes without proper management, happened ground water or surface water pollutions as well as a series of problems, water-borne diseases like diarrhea, bacterial and amoebic dysentery, typhoid, cholera, and eutrophication. It can reduce the risk of human infection to acceptable levels without contaminating the environment or negatively affecting the life of its inhabitants (EPA 1999).